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Embossing is a form of bump mapping. To emboss the letter "D" onto the teapot, we map each point of the object into the "D" image. If we land at a location where there is a transition from white to black, then we rotate the point’s surface normal by an angle theta. If we land at a location in the "D" where there is a transition from black to white, then we rotate the point’s surface normal by -theta. If we land at a location where there is no transition, we don’t do anything to the surface normal.